Indian Hockey

Hockey became popular in India when British Regiments played the game in india and itroduced it in the British regiments. The first hockey club was formed in kolkata in1986 followed by Mumbai and Punjab. The Bengal Hockey was the first Hockey Asspciation in India founded in 1908. With the popularity of the game. Association were formed in different states like Mumbai, Bihar Delhi and Orissa.

The Indian Hockey Federation was formed in the year 1925 in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh during the scindia Gold cup tournament. But it was not active after that. The Indian Hockey Federation gained global affiliation in 1927 and joined the International Hockey Federation (FHI) . A national championship between provinces was organigzed in 1928 at Kolkata to select the Indian team for the Amsterdam olympics . Then India bagged a hat-trick of gold medals at the olympics. They began with Amsterdam in 1928 and followed it up with Los Angels in 1932 and Berlin in 1936 After the Indian Indipendence in 1947 , Naval Tata became the first president of the Indian Hockey Federation of Independent India During his tenure, the Indian team achieved another hat-trick of gold medals at the 1948 London olympics, 1952 Helsinki Games and the Melbourne olympics. Then Ashwini kumar took over from Tata and was at the helm of affairs till 1974 to give way to MAM Ramaswamy Later , many presidents including I.M. Mahajan , Raja Bhalindra singh and R.N. Prasad ruled till K.P.S. Gill took over in 1994.

Here is the period and president of Indian Hockey Federation.

1 1925-1927 Col. Bruce Jurnbull

2 1927-1929 Maj. Burn Murdoch

3 1929-1931 Shri. R. E. Powell

4 1931-1933 Shri. A. M. Hyman

5 1933-1936 Shri. Joseph Bhore

6 1936-1937 Shri. Jagdish Prasad

7 1937-1938 Shri. M. N. Sircar

8 1938-1939 Shri. Muhamad Zafrullah Khan

9 1939-1945 Shri. Khwajasir Nizimuddin

10 1945-1947 Shri. Azizulnaque

11 1947-1958 Shri. Naval H. Tata

12 1958-1975 Shri. Aswini Kumar

13 1975-1980 Shri. M. A. M. Ramaswamy

14 1980-1983 Shri. I. M. Mahajan

15 1983-1985 Shri. Raja Bhpinder Singh

16 1985-1987 Shri. M. A. M. Ramaswamy

17 1987-1994 Shri. R. Prasad 18 1994-Till Date Shri. K. P. S. Gill

Field Hockey

Field Hockey is played on gravel natural grass, sand based or water based artificial turf, with a small hard ball the game played between two teams.Each team consists of 11 players including goal keeper. In the beginning, the captain of both the teams toss for the choice of ends or doing pass. The winner of the toss can select one of the two end. The captain can change their respective goal keepers and will inform the umpire about this change.The duration of the game is divided into two periods of thirty five minutes each. At half time the team will change their end.

The game is popular among both males and females in many partsof the world, particularly in Europe, Asia, Australia and South Africa. In most countries the game is played between single sex sides, Although they can be mixed sex.

The governing body is the 116 member International Hockey Federation (FIH) Men's Field hockey hasbeen played at each summer Olympic Games since 1908 (except 1912 and 1924) While women's field Hockey has been played each summer Olympic Games since 1980.

Its birth place is Asia and authorities credit persia with having devised it about 2000BC. Modern hockey was created in England. The true ancestor of hockey was Iris hurling. The first hockey club was formed in 1849 at blacjheath in south east London. The first international match played in 1895 between England and Ireland. Field Hockey is the national sport of India and Pakistan.

Hockey

Hockey is a game played with ball and stick in which two team compete by trying to maneuver a ball or a hard,round rubber or heavy plastic disk called puck, into opponent's net or goal, using a hockey stick.

A Puck is a disk used in various types of games serving the same functions as a ball in ball games. The best known use of puck is in ice hockey a major international sport.

A Hockey stick is a piece of equipment used in Field hockey, Ice hockey or Roller hockey to move ball or puck.
Here is types of Hockey:

1. Field Hockey
2. Indoor Hockey - Field Hockey Indoors
3. Mini Hockey - Field Hockey with a minimum of 5 players on each team including Goalkeeper.
4. Ice hockey
5. Inline hockey (Single Bladed Weels)
6. Roller Hockey (Quad Wheels)
7. Street hockey - (played the same as ice hockey with the same gear (excluding inline skates) but usually on a street or other paved area [not recommended to play in traffic])
8. Unicycle Hockey
9. UniHoc - Played with plastic sticks (both sides flat) and plastic hollow ball as an introduction to hockey also known as FloorBall or Floor Hockey
10. Bandy - in some ways field hockey on ice
11. PowerHockey - a form of hockey played in electric wheelchairs for disabled people
12. Underwater Hockey
13. Shinty - Scottish from of hockey played in the highlands
14.Hurling or Camogie - there are some resembalance to Hockey

History of Football in India

Football in India was speard during the days of the British Empire. Many football clubs in india were created during this time. The first recorded game in India took place between Calcutta club of civilians and the Gentle men of Barrackpore in 1854. Mohun Bagan Atheletic club was set up in 1889 and became famous in 1911 when it became the first Indian team to lift the IFAshield, a tournament previously won only by British teams based in India. It defeated the eastern yorkshire Regiment 2-1 in the final of the tournamentin a victory that is still regarded many as the greatest by an indian team before independence.
India qualified by default for 1950 FIFA world cup as a result of the withdrawal of all of their scheduled opponents. How ever they did not take up their place in the competition because FIFA demanded all players at the world cup finals should wear football boots. A number of player refused to abide by this rule and the team was forced to withdraw. The Indian team also won the 1951 and 1962 Asian games gold medals in Football. In 1956 the team finished fourth at the Melbourne Olympics.In 1963 and 1964 India reached the semifinals in Asian Games tournaments in what became known as the golden era of Indian Football.
India hosted the 2001 Millennium super cup, but were knocked out in the group stage following defeats by Iceland and Uruguary.
More recent successes have been limited to the south Asian Football Federation Cup, the LG cup won in Vietnam in 2002 under English coach stephen constaintine, Nehru cup in 2007 and 2008 AFC challange cup under coach Bob Houghton. The national Football team was also quite successful until the 1970s, qualifying for olympic tournaments and the FIFA World cup.

Indian Football

Football is one of the india's most popular sports in villages, and is said to rank second behind cricket in popularity, Although domestic football is more popular than domestic cricket. Football is played in almost all schools in india. Football is also said to be the top sport in the states of Goa, Kerala, Manipur, West Bengal, Mizoram and Sikkim. The game in India is administered by the All India Football Federation (AIFF).
The All India Football Federation is the organisation which manages the game of football in India. It administers the running of the national team and also controls the national football legue, India's premier domestic club competition in addition to various other competitions. The AIFF was founded in 1937 and gained FIFA Affiliation in the year 1948, after INdia's independence in 1947. India was one of the foundr member of the Asian football Confederation when it was set up in 1954. The AIFF runs several competition at domestic level like Federation cup, Santosh trophy, Dutta roy trophy (U-21 National championship), B.C Roy trophy (U-19 National championship), Mir Iqbal Hussain trophy (U-16 National championship).
Here is the list of football clubs in india.

Aryans Club-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Aikya Sanmelani-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Ageya Chalo Sangha
Air-India-Mumbai[Maharashtra]
Amity United FC-Gurgaon[Haryana]
ARC (Army Regimental Centre)
Assam Dynamo Club-Guwahati[Assam]
Assam Police-Guwahati[Assam]
Assam Police Blues-Guwahati[Assam]
Assam Rifles-Guwahati[Assam]
Assam State Electricity Board-Guwahati[Assam]
Azad Sporting Union

Barisha S.C.-Kolkata[West Bengal]
BNR (Bengal Nagpur Railway) FC-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Bata Football Club-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Bhatri Sangha Football Club-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Bengal-Mumbai FC-Mumbai[Maharashtra]
Blood Mouth Club
BSF (Border Security Force)-Jalandhar[Punjab]
BHAN NAGAR FOOTBALL CLUB....
Black Hawks football Club (Pune)
Calcutta Port Trust-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Calcutta Football Club-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Calcutta Customs-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Central Railways-Mumbai[Maharashtra]
Chirag United FC-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Churchill Brothers SC-Margao[Goa]
City Club
Controllerate of Inspection Electronics
Cheeda Nagar FC
Chetakal FC-Ernakulam[Kerala

Dempo SC-Panjim[Goa]
Deccan11 FC-Pune[Maharashtra]
Don Bosco School FC-Mumbai[Maharashtra]

KF East Bengal-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Eastern Railways-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Entally Athletic Club-Kolkata[West Bengal]

FC Kochin-Cochin[Kerala]
Fransa Pax FC-Margao[Goa]
C.M.S Falcons F.C
George Telegraph-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Gorkha Brigade
Guwahati Town Club-Guwahati[ Assam]
KHADKI BLUES F.C-Pune[Maharashtra]
C.M.S Falcons F.C
F.C.Ladakh

Howrah Union-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Him Club
HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited)-Bengaluru[Karnataka]
Hindustan Football Club-New Delhi
Hyderabad City Police-Hyderabad[Andhra Pradesh
Harvesters F C, Kandal, Ooty-Tamilnadu

Indian Bank-Chennai[ Tamilnadu]
Indian Air Force-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Indian Nationals FC
ITI (Indian Telephone Industries)
ICF(Integral Coach Factory)-Chennai[Tamilnadu]

JCT (JCT Mills Football Club)-Phagwara[Punjab]
Jewel Star Club
Jorba Durga Club
J&K Football Association, Srinagar. Kashmir.
Iqbal Club, Srinagar
J&K Forest Club, Srinagar
J&KSRTC Club Srinagar
Solina Football Club
Young Heroes, Jammu J&K
J&K Sports, Srinagar
Mohammdan Sports Srinagar
YMCA Srinagar
JK Bank Football Club, Srinagar
J&K Police Eleven, Srinagar

Kidderpore S.C-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Kalighat Club-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Kumartuli FC-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Keltron FC
Kerala Police-Trivandrum[Kerala]
Kochin Port Trust-Cochin[Kerala]

Lajong SSC-Meghalaya
Langsning FC

Maharana AC
Mahindra United-Mumbai[Maharashtra]
Malabar United-Kerala
Manipur Police-Imphal[Manipur]
Mizoram Police-[mizoram]
Mohun Bagan-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Mohammedan Sporting-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Mayo United FC
Mumbai FC-Mumbai[Maharashtra]
Maratha United-Mumbai[Maharashtra]

Nirvana FC-Haryana
Nagaland Police-Nagaland
Nethaji Sports Club-Chennai[Tamilnadu]
Nine Bullets
Northern-Frontier Railway SC
New Delhi Heroes FC-New Delhi
Nemesis FC

Octopus Marine SC
Oil India Limited-Guwahati[Assam]
ONGC FC-Mumbai[Maharashtra]

Police Club-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Peerless Football Club-Kolkata[West Bengal]
PSEB (Punjab State Electricity Board)-Punjab]
Punjab Police-Punjab]
Pune FC-Pune[Maharashtra]

Rajasthan Club-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Railways Football Club-Kolkata[West Bengal]
RCF (Railway Coach Factory)
Rashtriya Chemical FertilizersRCF-Mumbai[Maharashtra]
Raj Milk FC
Reserve Bank of India-Mumbai[Maharashtra]
Rewari FC
Rising Star
RED FC ChennaiTamilnadu
{ { RAISINA SPORTING CLUB (DELHI)

Salkia Friends Assciation-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Sonali Sibir A.C-Kolkata[West Bengal]
SAIL-Jharkhand
Sporting Union-Kolkata[West Bengal]
SAI (Sports Authority of India)
Salgaocar-Goa
Satyabhama Engineering College
Shastri FC-New Delhi
Simla Youngs FC-New Delhi
Southern Railway-Chennai[ Tamilnadu]
St. George's FC
Sporting De Goa-Margao[Goa]
SBI (State Bank of India)-Mumbai[Maharashtra]
SBT (State Bank of Travancore)-Trivandrum[Kerala]

Taltola Institute (Taltola Institute-Kolkata[West Bengal]
TFA (Tata Football Academy)-Jamshedpur[Jharkhand]
Titanium-Trivandrum[Kerala]
Tollygunge Agragami-Kolkata[West Bengal]

United Bangalore FC-Bengaluru[Karnataka]
United Keralite City-Kerala

Vasco SC-Vasco[Goa]
Viva Kerala-Cochin[ Kerala]
VIP Royal Rovers

W.B.Police-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Wari-Kolkata[West Bengal]
Western Railway-Mumbai[Maharashtra]
Williamson Magor Academy

Football

Football is the world given to a number of similar team sports all of which involve kicking a ball with the foot in an attempt to score a goal. The most popular of these sports worldwide is association football also known as "soccer" and most commonly just "football".

Association football is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players, and is widely considered to be the most popular sport in the world. It is played on a rectangular grass or artificial turf field, with a goal at each of the short ends. The objectof the game is to score by manoeuvring the ball into the opposing goal. In general play, the goalkeepars are the only players allowed to use their hands or arms to propel the ball, the rest of the team usually use their feet to kick the ball into position. Occasionally their torso or head into intercept a ball in midiar. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is tied at the end of the game, Either a draw is declaired or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shoot out depending on the format of the competition.

1. Artificial turf is a man made surface manufactured from synthetic materials, made to look like natural grass. It is most often used in arenas for sports that were originally or are normally played on grass.

2. Torso is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal bodies from which extend the neck and limbs it is sometime reffered to as the trunk. The torso includes the thorax and abdomn.